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Elton D. Graugnard

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Department of Materials Science & Engineering
Boise State University
1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725-2075

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Education

• Ph.D. Physics, Purdue University, 2000

  • Thesis: The Electronic Properties of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes

• M.S. Physics, Purdue University, 1998

• B.S. Physics Honors (magna cum laude), Centenary College of Louisiana, 1996

Research Interests

• Novel device templates and architectures to exploit and develop future generation optoelectronic device technologies.

• Inventing new tools and methodologies to discover, understand and exploit the physics of nanoscale materials.

• Manipulation of atomic to nanometer scale devices through new synthesis and characterization tools to enhance structural, optical, and electronic properties for improved device efficiency and performance.

• Optical properties of biological structures.

Research Experience

• Research Assistant Professor, 2009-Present

  Boise State University, Department of Materials Science & Engineering

  • DNA nanotechnology:

    • Fabricated periodic quantum dot arrays using DNA origami nanotubes, Nano Lett. 10 (2010).

    • Developed methods to operate DNA-based catalytic chemical amplifiers in bodily fluids, IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. 9 (2010).

  • Co-directed student research projects (3 M.S. and 1 B.S.).

  
  

• Assistant Professor, 2007-2009

  Rollins College, Department of Physics

  • Atomic Layer Deposition in photonics crystals.

  • Directed undergraduate research projects in the Student-Faculty Collaborative Scholarship Program.

  
  

• Postdoctoral Fellow with Prof. Chris Summers, 2003 - 2006

  Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Materials Science & Engineering

  • Novel photonic device design using precisely controlled atomic layer deposition in 3D inorganic and organic template structures:

    • GaP inverse opals and replicated holographic templates.

    • Replication and inversion of holographic templates, Adv. Mater. 18 (2006).

    • Low-temperature ALD for TiO₂ inverse opals, Adv. Mater. 17 (2005).

    • Dynamically tunable photonic band gaps in TiO₂ non-close-packed inverse opals using liquid crystals, Phys. Rev. B 72 (2005).

  • Invented a technique for fabricating nanostructured devices with independent control over structural and material properties:

    • Sacrificial-ALD, Adv. Func. Mater. 16 (2006).

    • Template-ALD, GIT invention disclosure (2006).

    • Independently tunable luminescence and refractive index in ZnS:Mn/TiO₂ multi-layered inverse opals, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 (2006).

  • Developed new composite 2D photonic crystal structures for controlled dispersion and photonic band gaps:

    • Controlled dispersion in 2D triangular lattice slab waveguides, Appl. Phys. Lett. (2006).

    • Tuning dispersion in 2D superlattice PCs by ALD.

  • Novel 2D photonic crystals by bottom-up/ALD fabrication of TiO₂ coated ZnO nanorod arrays and Al₂O₃, TiO₂, and Si nano-bowl arrays:

    • Freestanding TiO₂ nanobowl sheets, Nano Lett. 5 (2005).

    • TiO₂ nanobowl sheet technique selected for Editor's Choice in Science 309 (2005).

    • TiO₂ nanobowls, Nano Lett. 4 (2004).

    • TiO₂ nanobowl "Image of the Month" Chemical & Engineering News (2004).

  • Fabricated novel nanoscale devices through the design and construction of two atomic layer deposition systems (oxides: TiO₂, Al₂O₃,... and phosphides:. GaP, InP,...).

  • Designed, constructed, and performed experiments of photonic crystal optical properties, including photonic stop bands, luminescence modification and super-prism effects.

  • Co-directed student research projects (3 Ph.D., 1 M.S. and 3 B.S.).

  
  

• Post-doctoral Research Associate with Prof. John H. Weaver, 2000 - 2002

  University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Materials Science & Engineering

  • Probed and manipulated electronic states of Br on Si(100):

    • Br hoping on Si(100)-(2×1), Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (2002).

  • Discovered atomic processes that elucidated the current view of Cl etching of Si(100):

    • Cl dynamics on Si(100)-(2×1), Phys. Rev. B 67 (2003).

    • Cl recycling on Si(100)-(2×1), Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 (2002).

    • Research results cited in Chemical & Engineering News 80, 38 (2002).

  • Fabricated never before obtained 100 nm long, single-atom-wide vacancy lines on Br-Si(100)-(2×1) using variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy at 700 K:

    • Atomic vacancy lines on Br-Si(100)-(2×1), Phys. Rev. B 68 (2003).

  • Performed atomic resolution scanning tunneling microscopy of semiconductor surfaces, including Si(100), Si(111), GaAs(110) and Highly-Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG).

  • Contributed significantly to successful NSF and DOE grant proposals totaling over $1M.

  • Co-directed graduate student research projects (3 Ph.D. and 1 M.S.).

  
  

• Graduate Research Assistant, Advisor: Prof. Ron Reifenberger, 1997 - 2000

  Purdue University, Department of Physics

  • Discovered new electronic properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes enabled by designing and building a custom low noise/low temperature measurement system:

    • Temperature dependent conductance in MWNTs, Phys. Rev. B 64 (2001).

  • Developed novel technique for making reliable ohmic contacts to carbon nanotubes:

    • Electrical contacts to MWNTs, Appl. Phys. Lett. 74 (1999).

  • Explored electronic properties of carbon nanotubes and nanometer sized gold clusters by developing and building a field emission/field-ion microscope with electron energy analysis.

    • Electron emission from SWNTs, Phys. Rev. B 61 (2000).

  • Studied gold wires one to a few atoms wide with a custom scanning tunneling microscope.

  • Winner, 1998 Purdue Physics Department Poster Competition, "Electronic Properties of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube Ropes."

Honors

• Publications consistently selected for the Virtual Journal of Nanoscale Science & Technology.

• Research recognized by Editor's Choice in Science 2005.

• Research cited in Chemical & Engineering News NanoFocus "Image of the Month" 2004.

• Research cited in Chemical & Engineering News 2002.

• Dean's List at Purdue University.

• Dean's List at Centenary College.

• Outstanding Physics Student, Centenary College, 1994 - 1995.

• NCAA Division I Cross-Country Scholarship, 1993 - 1996.

• Trustee Scholarship recipient to Centenary College, 1992 - 1996.

Teaching Experience

• Rollins College, Department of Physics, 2007 - Present:

  • General Physics I and II (PHY 120/121) - Algebra-based introductory physics course for non-physics majors.

  • Electromagnetic Theory I and II (PHY 314/315) - Introductory course in electromagnetism from electrostatics through radiation.

  • I Am Stardust (And So Can You!) (RCC HON 201) - Joint seminar with lab on the relationship of philosophy and astronomy co-taught with Prof. Thomas J. Cook (Dept. of Phil. & Rel.). Part of the first-year student program, Rollins College Conference.

  
  

• Providence College, Department of Engineering-Physics-Systems, 2006 - 2007

  • Courses taught: Conceptual Physics, EPS 105; How Things Work, EPS 125; General Physics II, EPS 102.

  • Development and teaching of multiple sections of non-science major courses to satisfy core requirements in a liberal arts curriculum.

  
  

• Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Materials Science & Engr., 2003 - 2006:

  • Initiated, developed and co-taught the optical spectroscopy component of the Materials Laboratory course: Optical Properties of Materials: Semiconductors, Quantum Dots and Opals, MSE 3020, 2005 & 2006.

    • Built and programmed computer controlled optical systems to measure reflectance, transmittance, photoluminescence (PL), and photoluminescence excitation (PLE).

  • Teaching Intern, Electronic, Optical, & Magnetic Properties of Materials,MSE 3015, 2003

    • Co-taught (50%) with Prof. Chris Summers in the MSE Teaching Internship Program.

    • Developed multimedia and web content to complement course materials.

    • Received very positive evaluations and feedback from students.

  
  

• Graduate Teaching Assistant,

  Purdue University, Department of Physics, 1996 - 1998

  • Developed astronomy labs published by McGraw-Hill in a college-level lab manual, Introductory Astronomy Laboratory Manual, 5^th Edition, Ian Shipsey, Purdue University © 2005, ISBN 0073111392.

  • Descriptive Astronomy: The Solar System Lab/Stars and Galaxies Lab, ASTR 263/264:

    • Two semester general astronomy course for non-science and non-technical majors.

    • Taught and developed classroom and observation labs.

  • General Physics Laboratory, Phys 221:

    • Taught a computer-integrated introductory lab including electricity, light, and modern physics, for students not specializing in physics.

Publications

1. W.P. Klein*, C.N. Schmidt**, B. Rapp*, S. Takabayashi*, W.B. Knowlton, J. Lee, B. Yurke, W.L. Hughes, E. Graugnard, W. Kuang, "Multi-Scaffold DNA Origami Nanoparticle Waveguides," Nano Letters 13 (8), 3850 (2013).

2. H.M. Huttanus*, E. Graugnard, B. Yurke, W.B. Knowlton, W. Kuang, W.L. Hughes, J. Lee, "Enhanced DNA Sensing via Catalytic Aggregation of Gold Nanoparticles," Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 50, 382 (2013).

3. E. Graugnard, D.L. Kellis**, H. Bui, S. Barnes*, W. Kuang, J. Lee, W.L. Hughes, W.B. Knowlton, B. Yurke, "DNA-controlled excitonic switches," Nano Letters 12(4), 2217 (2012).

4. H. Bui*, C. Onodera*, C. Kidwell**, YP. Tan*, E. Graugnard, W. Kuang, J. Lee, W.B. Knowlton, B. Yurke, W.L. Hughes, "Programmable periodicity of quantum dot arrays with DNA origami nanotubes," Nano Letters 10 3367 (2010).

5. E. Graugnard, A. Cox**, J. Lee, C. Jorcyk, B. Yurke, and W.L. Hughes, "Kinetics of DNA and RNA hybridization in serum and serum-SDS," IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology 9 603 (2010).

6. E. Graugnard, O.M. Roche*, S.N. Dunham**, J.S. King*, D. N. Sharp*, R.G. Denning, A.J. Turberfield, C. J. Summers, "Replicated photonic crystals by atomic layer deposition within holographically defined polymer templates," Applied Physics Letters 94 263109 (2009).

7. D.P. Gaillot*, E. Graugnard, J. Blair*, C.J. Summers, "Dispersion control in two-dimensional superlattice photonic crystal waveguides by atomic layer deposition," Applied Physics Letters 91 181123 (2007). View online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2793188. Published by the American Institute of Physics.

8. E. Graugnard, S.N. Dunham**, J.S. King*, D. Lorang**, S. Jain*, C.J. Summers, "Enhanced tunable Bragg diffraction in large-pore inverse opals using dual-frequency liquid crystal," Applied Physics Letters 91 111101 (2007).

9. D.P. Gaillot*, E. Graugnard, J.S. King*, C.J. Summers, "Tunable Bragg peak response in liquid crystal infiltrated photonic crystals," Journal of the Optical Society of America B 24 211102 (2007).

10. E. Graugnard, V. Chawla**, D. Lorang**, C.J. Summers, "High filling fraction gallium phosphide inverse opals by atomic layer deposition," Applied Physics Letters 89 211102 (2006).

11. E. Graugnard, D.P. Gaillot*, S.N. Dunham**, C.J. Summers, "Tuning dispersion in 2D photonic crystals with atomic layer deposition," Applied Physics Letters 89 181108 (2006).

12. C.J. Summers, E. Graugnard, D.P. Gaillot*, J.S. King*, "Luminescent and tunable 3D photonic crystal structures," Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 15 203 (2006).

13. I.C. Khoo, Y. Williams*, A. Diaz, K. Chen, J.A. Bossard, L. Li, D.H. Werner, E. Graugnard, J.S. King*, S. Jain*, C.J. Summers, "Liquid-crystals for tunable photonic crystals, frequency selective surfaces and negative index material development," Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 453 309 (2006).

14. J.S. King*, E. Graugnard, O.M. Roche*, D.N. Sharp*, R.G. Denning, A.J. Turberfield, C.J. Summers, "Infiltration and Inversion of Holographically-defined polymer photonic crystal templates using atomic layer deposition," Advanced Materials 18 1561 (2006).

15. E. Graugnard, J.S. King*, D.P. Gaillot*, C.J. Summers, "Sacrificial-layer atomic layer deposition for fabrication of non-close-packed inverse-opal photonic crystals," Advanced Functional Materials 16 1187 (2006).

16. J.S. King*, D.P. Gaillot*, E. Graugnard, C.J. Summers, "Conformally back-filled, non-close-packed inverse opal photonic crystals," Advanced Materials 18 1063 (2006).

17. J.S. King*, E. Graugnard, C.J. Summers, "Photoluminescence modification by high-order photonic bands in TiO₂/ZnS:Mn multi-layer inverse opals," Applied Physics Letters 88 081109 (2006).

18. E. Graugnard, J.S. King*, S. Jain*, C.J. Summers, Y. Zhang-Williams, I.C. Khoo "Electric field tuning of the Bragg peak in non-close-packed TiO₂ inverse shell opals," Physical Review B 72 233105 (2005).

19. X.D. Wang*, C. Lao, E. Graugnard, C.J. Summers and Z.L. Wang, "Large-Size Liftable Inverted-Nanobowl Sheets as Reusable Masks for Nanolithography," Nano Letters 5 1784(2005).

20. X.D. Wang*, C. Neff*, E. Graugnard, Y. Ding, J.S. King*, L.A. Pranger*, R. Tannenbaum, Z.L. Wang, C.J. Summers, "Photonic Crystals Fabricated Using Patterned Nanorod Arrays," Advanced Materials 17 2103 (2005).

21. J.S. King*, D. Heineman*, E. Graugnard, C.J. Summers, "Atomic layer deposition in porous materials: 3D photonic crystals" Applied Surface Science 244 511 (2005).

22. J.S. King*, E. Graugnard, C.J. Summers, "TiO₂ inverse opals fabricated using low temperature atomic layer deposition," Advanced Materials 17 1010 (2005).

23. X.D. Wang*, E. Graugnard, J.S. King*, Z.L. Wang, C.J. Summers, "Large-scale Fabrication of Ordered Nano-Bowl Arrays," Nano Letters 4 2223 (2004).

24. G. Xu*, E. Graugnard, B.R. Trenhaile*, K.S. Nakayama, J.H. Weaver, "Atom vacancy lines and surface patterning: The role of stress for Br-Si(100)-(2×1) at 700 K," Physical Review B 68 075301 (2003).

25. G. Xu*, E. Graugnard, V. Petrova, K.S. Nakayama, J.H. Weaver, "Dynamics of surface roughening of Cl-terminated Si(100)-(2×1) at 700 K," Physical Review B 67 125320 (2003).

26. K.S. Nakayama, E. Graugnard, J.H. Weaver, "Tunneling Electron Induced Bromine Hopping on Si(100)-(2×1)," Physical Review Letters 89 266106 (2002).

27. K.S. Nakayama, E. Graugnard, J.H. Weaver, "Surface modification without desorption: Recycling of Cl on Si(100)-(2×1)," Physical Review Letters 88 125508 (2002).

28. E. Graugnard*, P.J. de Pablo*, B. Walsh*, A.W. Ghosh, S. Datta, R. Reifenberger, "Temperature dependence of the conductance of multi-walled carbon nanotubes," Physical Review B 64 125407 (2001).

29. D. Lovall*, M. Buss*, E. Graugnard*, R.P. Andres, R. Reifenberger, "Electron emission and structural characterization of a rope of single-walled carbon nanotubes," Physical Review B 61 5683 (2000).

30. P.J. de Pablo*, S. Howell*, S. Crittenden*, B. Walsh*, E. Graugnard*, R.P. Andres, R. Reifenberger, "Correlating the location of structural defects with the electrical failure of multiwalled carbon nanotubes," Applied Physics Letters 75 3941 (1999).

31. P.J. de Pablo*, E. Graugnard*, B. Walsh*, R.P. Andres, S. Datta, R. Reifenberger, "A Simple reliable technique for making electrical contacts to multiwalled carbon nanotubes," Applied Physics Letters 74 24 (1999).

Published Conference Proceedings

29. E. Graugnard, A. Cox**, J. Lee, C. Jorcyk, B. Yurke, and W.L. Hughes, "Operation of a DNA-based autocatalytic network in serum," Lecture Notes in Computer Science (in press).

30. E. Graugnard, J.S. King*, D.P. Gaillot*, C.J. Summers, "Atomic layer deposition for nano-fabrication of optoelectronic Devices," Proceedings of ECS, ECS Transactions, 3 151 (2007).

31. D. P. Gaillot*, E. Graugnard, J. Blair*, S. Dunham**, C. W. Neff*, T. Yamashita*, and C. J. Summers, "Manipulation of Dispersion Properties of Two-dimensional Photonic Crystal Slab Waveguides by Atomic Layer Deposition," CLEO/Europe and IQEC 2007 Conference Digest, paper CK8_1 (2007).

32. C.J. Summers, E. Graugnard, D.P. Gaillot*, J.S. King*, Y. Zhang-Williams*, I.C. Khoo, "Tunable 3D photonic crystals by liquid crystal infiltration," Proceedings of SPIE, Liquid Crystals X, 6332, 63320R (2006).

33. E. Graugnard, D.P. Gaillot*, J.S. King*, C.J. Summers, "Photonic band gap response of structurally modified non-close-packed inverse opals by template directed multi-layer atomic layer deposition," Proceedings of SPIE, Photonic Crystal Materials and Devices III, 6182, 61820K (2006).

34. D.P. Gaillot*, E. Graugnard, J.S. King*, C.J. Summers, "Tunable electro-optic photonic crystals fabricated through template directed multi-layer atomic layer deposition," Proceedings of SPIE, Photonic Crystal Materials and Devices III, 6182, 61820Y (2006).

35. D.B. Nicol*, S. Gupta, N. Li, A. Asghar, E. Graugnard, C.J. Summers, I.T. Ferguson, "Towards a novel broadband spectrally dynamic solid state light source," Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 892 19 (2006).

36. C.J. Summers, E. Graugnard, J.S. King*, "3D luminescent photonic crystal structures," Proceedings of SPIE, Cockpit and Future Displays for Defense and Security, 5801 142 (2005).

37. J.S. King*, C.W. Neff*, D.L. Heineman*, E.D. Graugnard, and C.J. Summers, "Optical and Crystallographic Properties of Inverse Opal Photonic Crystals Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition," Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 797 75 (2003).

38. E. Graugnard*, R. Reifenberger, B. Walsh*, and P.J. de Pablo*, "Electronic conductance of multi-walled carbon nanotubes having reliable electrical contacts," in Cluster and Nanostructure Interfaces, ed. P. Jena, S.N. Khanna, and B.K. Rao, World Scientific, Singapore (2000).

39. B. Walsh*, D.B. Janes, E. Graugnard*, R. Reifenberger, P.J. de Pablo*, and R.P. Andres, "Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes," in Cluster and Nanostructure Interfaces, ed. P. Jena, S.N. Khanna, and B.K. Rao, World Scientific, Singapore (2000).

National & International Conference Presentations

1. E. Graugnard, A. Cox**, J. Lee, C. Jorcyk, B. Yurke, and W.L. Hughes, "Operation of a DNA-Based Autocatalytic Network in Serum," (poster) 16th International Conference on DNA Computing and Molecular Programming (DNA 16), Hong Kong, China (2010).

2. H. Bui*, C. Onodera*, C. Kidwell**, YP. Tan*, E. Graugnard, W. Kuang, J. Lee, W.L. Hughes, W.B. Knowlton, and B. Yurke, "Quantum dot arrays with controlled periodicity using DNA origami nanotubes," 16th International Conference on DNA Computing and Molecular Programming (DNA 16), Hong Kong, China (2010).

3. Amber Cox**, E. Graugnard, W.L. Hughes, J. Lee, C.L. Jorcyk, and B. Yurke, "Reaction kinetics of a DNA-based amplifier for use in detection of cancer-related miRNAs," (poster) Foundations of Nanoscience (FNANO) - Self-Assembled Architectures and Devices, Snowbird, Utah (2010).

4. E. Graugnard, A. Cox**, J. Lee, C.L. Jorcyk, B. Yurke, and W.L. Hughes, "Point-of-contact, DNA-based amplifier for detecting cancer-related micro-RNA in blood serum," (poster) Foundations of Nanoscience (FNANO) - Self-Assembled Architectures and Devices, Snowbird, Utah (2010).

5. H. Bui*, C. Onodera*, C. Kidwell**, YP. Tan*, E. Graugnard, W. Kuang, J. Lee, W.L. Hughes, W.B. Knowlton, B. Yurke, "Quantum dot arrays with controlled periodicity using DNA origami nanotubes," (poster) Foundations of Nanoscience (FNANO) - Self-Assembled Architectures and Devices, Snowbird, Utah (2010).

6. S. Barnes**, C. Buu*, J. Brotherton**, H. Bui*, A. Johnson*, M. Yates**, E. Graugnard, W. Kuang, J. Lee, W. L. Hughes, W. B. Knowlton, B. Yurke, "Radial Dielectrophoretic Trap for Trapping Microparticles," (presentation and poster) Foundations of Nanoscience (FNANO) - Self-Assembled Architectures and Devices, Snowbird, Utah (2010).

7. S.Barnes**, C. Buu*, J. Brotherton**, H. Bui*, A. Johnson**, M. Yates**, E. Graugnard, W. Kuang, J. Lee, W. Knowlton, B. Yurke, W.L. Hughes, "Towards A Radial Dielectrophoretic Trap for Nanostructures," (poster) IEEE Workshop on Microelectronic Devices, Boise, ID (2010).

8. A. Cox**, E. Graugnard, J. Lee, C. Jorcyk, B. Yurke, W.L. Hughes, "Point-of-contact, DNA-based amplifier for detecting cancer-related micro-RNAs in blood serum," Nanoelectronic Devices for Defense & Security, Fort Lauderdale, FL (2009).

9. E. Graugnard, D.P. Gaillot*, S.N. Dunham**, C.W. Neff*, T. Yamashita*, C.J. Summers, "Photonic Band Tuning in 2D Photonic Crystals by Atomic Layer Deposition," IEEE/LEOS, Montreal, Canada (2006).

10. (Invited) C.J. Summers, E. Graugnard, "Atomic layer deposition for nano-fabrication of 3D optoelectronic devices," Electrochemical Society, Joint International Meeting, Cancun, Mexico (2006).

11. (Invited) C.J. Summers, E. Graugnard, "Tunable 3D photonic crystals by liquid crystal infiltration," SPIE, Optics & Photonics, San Diego, CA (2006).

12. E. Graugnard, J.S. King*, S. Jain*, Y. Zhang-Williams*, I.C. Khoo, C.J. Summers, "Tuning the optical properties of colloidal thin films using dual-frequency liquid crystal," Materials Research Society, Spring Symposium, San Francisco, CA (2006).

13. E. Graugnard, D.P. Gaillot*, J.S. King*, C.J. Summers, "Tunable electro-optic photonic crystals fabricated through template directed multi-layer atomic layer deposition," SPIE, Photonics Europe, Strasbourg, France (2006).

14. D.P. Gaillot*, E. Graugnard, J.S. King*, C.J. Summers, "Photonic bandgap response of structurally modified inverse non-close-packed opals by template directed multilayer atomic layer deposition," SPIE, Photonics Europe, Strasbourg, France (2006).

15. E. Graugnard, J.S. King*, C.J. Summers, "Nanostructure fabrication through template directed multi-layer atomic layer deposition: non-close-packed inverse opals," Materials Research Society, Fall Symposium, Boston, MA (2005).

16. J.S. King*, E. Graugnard, O.M. Roche*, D.N. Sharp*, J. Scrimgeour*, C.J. Summers, R.G. Denning, A.J. Turberfield, "Advanced Photonic Crystals by Holographic Lithography and Atomic Layer Deposition," Materials Research Society, Fall Symposium, Boston, MA (2005).

17. D.B. Nicol*, S. Gupta, N. Li, A. Asghar, E. Graugnard, C.J. Summers, I.T. Ferguson, "Towards a novel broadband spectrally dynamic solid state light source," Materials Research Society, Fall Symposium, Boston, MA (2005).

18. D.P. Gaillot*, E. Graugnard, J.S. King*, C.J. Summers, "Highly tunable photonic band gap in inverse shell non-close-packed opals," IEEE/LEOS, Sydney, Australia (2005).

19. (Invited) C.J. Summers, E. Graugnard, J.S. King*, "ALD: A new tool for photonic crystal fabrication," AVS Atomic Layer Deposition Conference, San Jose, CA (2005).

20. (Invited) E. Graugnard, D.P. Gaillot*, J.S. King*, S. Jain*, C.J. Summers, Y. Zhang-Williams*, I.C Khoo, "Liquid crystal infiltration of template patterned 3D photonic crystals," SPIE, Optics & Photonics, San Diego, CA (2005).

21. (Invited) C.J. Summers, E. Graugnard, D.P. Gaillot*, J.S. King*, "Luminescent and tunable 3D photonic crystal structures," 7th Mediterranean Workshop and Topical Meeting, "Novel Optical Materials and Applications" Cetraro, Italy (2005).

22. J.S. King*, E. Graugnard, O.M. Roche*, D.N. Sharp*, C.J. Summers, R.G. Denning, and A.J. Turberfield, "Infiltration and Inversion of Holographically-Defined Polymer Photonic Crystal Templates using Atomic Layer Deposition," PECS-VI International Symposium on Photonic and Electromagnetic Crystal Structures, Crete, Greece (2005).

23. J.S. King*, D. Gaillot*, T. Yamashita*, C. Neff*, E. Graugnard, and C.J. Summers, "Complex, 3D Photonic Crystals Fabricated by Atomic Layer Deposition," Materials Research Society, Fall Symposium, Boston, MA (2004).

24. E. Graugnard, J.S. King*, X.D. Wang*, D. Heineman*, Z.L. Wang, C.J. Summers, "Atomic layer deposition for precise, large-scale nanostructure fabrication," The 5^th Georgia Tech Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Atlanta, GA (2004).

25. E. Graugnard, J.S. King*, D. Heineman*, C.J. Summers, "Atomic layer deposition for photonic crystal devices," AVS/BALD Atomic Layer Deposition Conference, Helsinki, Finland (2004).

26. (Invited) C.J. Summers, J.S. King*, D. Heineman*, C.W. Neff*, E. Graugnard, "Atomic Layer Deposition in Porous Materials: 3D Photonic Crystals" 12^th International Conference on Solid Films and Surfaces, Hamamatsu, Japan (2004).

27. J.S. King*, C.W. Neff*, D.L. Heineman*, E.D. Graugnard and C.J. Summers, "Optical and Crystallographic Properties of Inverse Opal Photonic Crystals Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition," Materials Research Society, Fall Symposium, Boston, MA (2003).

28. K.S. Nakayama, E. Graugnard, J.H. Weaver, "Adatom Hopping Induced by Tunneling Electrons: Br on Si(100)-(2×1)," AVS 50^th International Symposium, Denver, CO (2003).

29. (Invited) J.H. Weaver, K.S. Nakayama, G.J. Xu*, E. Graugnard, B.R. Trenhaile*, and C.M. Aldao, "The Patterning and Etching of Silicon with Halogens: Atomic-Scale Characterization," AVS 25^th Annual Symp. on Applied Surface Analysis, Urbana, IL (2003).

30. E. Graugnard, G. Xu*, V. Petrova, K.S. Nakayama, J.H. Weaver, "Dynamics of Br-Si(100)-(2×1): Surface modification in the absence of desorption," AVS 49^th International Symposium, Denver, CO (2002).

31. K.S. Nakayama, E. Graugnard, J.H. Weaver, "Surface Modification without Desorption: Recycling of Cl on Si(100)-(2×1)," AVS 49^th International Symposium, Denver, CO (2002).

32. G. Xu*, E. Graugnard, V. Petrova, K.S. Nakayama, J.H. Weaver, "Dynamics of Si(100)-(2×1) Surface Modification with Cl," AVS 49^th International Symposium, Denver, CO (2002).

33. E. Graugnard*, B. Walsh*, P.J. de Pablo*, R.P. Andres, S. Datta, R. Reifenberger, "The temperature dependence of the conductance of multi-walled carbon nanotubes," American Physical Society March Meeting, Minneapolis, MN (2000).

34. B. Walsh*, E. Graugnard*, D.B. Janes, R. Reifenberger, R. Andres, "Kelvin Force Potentiometry of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes," American Physical Society March Meeting, Minneapolis, MN (2000).

35. E. Graugnard*, B. Walsh*, P.J. de Pablo*, R.P. Andres, S. Datta, R. Reifenberger, "The temperature dependence of the conductance of multiwalled carbon nanotubes," International Symposium on Cluster and Nanostructure Interfaces, Richmond, VA (1999).

36. E. Graugnard*, B. Walsh*, P.J. de Pablo*, S. Datta, R.P. Andres, R. Reifenberger, "A simple, reliable technique for making electrical contact to multiwalled carbon nanotubes," Nanotube Workshop, East Lansing, MI (1999).

37. E. Graugnard*, B. Walsh*, P.J. de Pablo*, R.P. Andres, S. Datta, R. Reifenberger, "A reliable technique for making electrical contact to multiwalled carbon nanotubes," American Physical Society March Meeting, Atlanta, GA (1999).

38. E. Graugnard**, R. Hasty**, J. Ring**, C. Martin**, J. Rodriguez, "Vibrational Dynamics of Benzene in an Ultracold Argon Host," American Physical Society, Texas Spring Section Meeting, Abilene, TX (1996).

(Note: * denotes graduate student; ** denotes undergraduate student.)

Journal Reviewer

• Physical Review Letters

• Physical Review B

• Advanced Materials

• Surface Coatings

Patents & Invention Disclosures

• US Patent No. 7,351,607, Z.L. Wang, C.J. Summers, X.D. Wang, E. Graugnard, and J.S. King, "Large scale patterned growth of aligned one-dimensional nanostructures," (1 April 2008).

• E. Graugnard, J.S. King, and C.J. Summers, "Multi-Layer Template Directed Nanostructure and Device Fabrication," (March 2006).

• X.D. Wang, E. Graugnard, C.J. Summers, Z.L. Wang, "Fabrication of Large-Areal Aligned Field Effect Transistors, Sensors and Field Emitters," (November 2004).

• X.D. Wang, E. Graugnard, J.S. King, C.J. Summers, Z.L. Wang, "Large-Scale Arrays of Titania Nanobowls for Biomedical Applications," (September 2004).

Society Memberships

• American Physical Society

• American Chemical Society

• American Vacuum Society

• Materials Research Society

• International Society for Nanoscale Science, Computation, and Engineering